2023-05-26
Arc welding refers to the use of an arc as a heat source, the use of air discharge physical phenomenon, the electric energy into welding required heat and mechanical energy, to achieve the purpose of metal connection. The main methods include electrode arc welding, submerged arc welding, gas-shielded welding, etc. It is the most widely used and the most important fusion welding method at present, accounting for more than 60% of the total welding production.
Electrode arc welding is often used in industrial production. Its working principle is to use the heat generated by arc discharge, use the heat to melt the electrode and the work piece, and form a weld after condensation, to obtain a firm joint welding process.
Scope of application of arc welding
Electrode arc welding is done by manually manipulating the electrode. It can be done in multiple positions such as flat welding, vertical welding, horizontal welding and reverse welding. In addition, because the welding equipment is light and flexible, the welding operation can be carried out in any place where there is a power supply. Suitable for all kinds of metal materials, all kinds of thicknesses, and all kinds of structural shape welding.
Therefore, manual arc welding equipment will cause life danger to people, and labor protection supplies must be worn when welding.
Classification of arc welding
Manual arc welding, semi-automatic welding, and automatic welding are called arc welding. Automatic (arc) welding usually refers to submerged arc automatic welding - the welding position is covered with a protective flux layer, made of filled metal wire inserted into the flux layer, and welding metal arc, arc buried under the flux layer, the heat generated by the arc melting wire, flux, and base metal to form a weld, the welding process is automatic. Manual arc welding is most commonly used.
The basic craft of arc welding
The basic craft of manual arc welding is as follows:
a. Clean the welding surface before welding to avoid affecting arc ignition and weld quality.
b. Prepare the connector form (groove type).
The shape and size of the groove mainly depend on the material to be welded and its specifications (mainly thickness) as well as the welding method, weld form, etc.
Common groove types in practical application are:
Curved joint - Suitable for thin parts with thickness <3 mm,
Flat groove - Suitable for 3~8 mm thin parts,
V-groove - Suitable for workpiece thickness of 6~20 mm (single side welding),
X groove - Suitable for workpiece thickness of 12~40 mm, and has the symmetrical type and asymmetric type X groove (double-sided welding),
U-groove - Suitable for workpiece thickness of 20~50 mm (single side welding),
Double U groove - Suitable for workpiece thickness of 30~80 mm (double-sided welding),
The groove Angle is usually 60 to 70°. The blunt edge (also called root height) is used to prevent the solder from burning through, while the gap is for easy penetration.
Major parameter of arc welding
The most important parameters in the welding specification of arc welding are:
Type of electrode (depends on the material of the base metal), the diameter of the electrode (depends on the thickness of the solder, weld position, welding layer number, welding speed, welding current, welding layer number, welding speed, etc.), welding current, welding layer number, welding speed, etc.
The most important parameters in the welding specification of arc welding are:
Gas shielded arc welding: For example, argon arc welding using argon as the welding area protective gas, carbon dioxide welding using carbon dioxide as the welding area protective gas, etc., the basic principle is that when welding with arc as the heat source, at the same time, the nozzle of the spray gun continuously eject protective gas to isolate the air from the molten metal in the welding area. To protect arc and welding pool liquid metal from atmospheric oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen pollution, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of welding.
Argon tungsten arc welding: Arc welding with a metal tungsten rod with a high melting point as an electrode to generate arc during welding and under the protection of argon gas. It is often used in the welding of stainless steel, high-temperature alloy, and other strict requirements.
Judging the current size of arc welding:
Small current: narrow weld path, shallow penetration, easy to form too high, not fused, not through welding, slag, porosity, electrode adhesion, arc breaking, no arc and so on
Large current: wide weld path, deep penetration, biting edge, burning through, shrinkage hole, splash, over burning, deformation, welding tumor, and so on.
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